里約奧運

OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016 - THE LEGACY
網址:https://www.olympic.org/news/olympic-games-rio-2016-the-legacy

THE OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016 DELIVERED MANY INSPIRING ATHLETIC ACHIEVEMENTS THAT WERE WITNESSED AND SHARED BY A VAST GLOBAL AUDIENCE THROUGH RECORD-BREAKING MEDIA COVERAGE AND UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF DIGITAL ENGAGEMENT. AGAINST A BACKDROP OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES, THEY ALSO SET NEW STANDARDS FOR LEGACY PLANNING THAT HAVE LEFT AN IMPORTANT HERITAGE.

Planning for the legacy of the Olympic Games Rio 2016 did not start when the flame was extinguished on 21 August 2016, nor even did it start at the moment when Rio de Janeiro was awarded the Games in 2009. Rather, it was planned well in advance of the Olympic Games from the time the city first considered a candidature.

Once the city had made the decision to apply to host an edition of the Olympic Games, legacy figured prominently in all of its activities. In 2009, when the 121st IOC Session meeting in Copenhagen chose Rio de Janeiro as the host city for the 2016 Olympic Games, it did so on the basis of a sound candidature file in which legacy played an important role.

Throughout the process, foremost in the minds of the candidature team was consideration both of what Rio could bring to the Games, but crucially also, what the Olympic Games could do for the city. The Games plan foresaw four zones, and the candidature team noted that two of these zones were in areas of the city that were expanding rapidly and in need of housing and infrastructure for which development associated with the Olympic Games could provide a catalyst.

In the Maracana zone, there were plans to renovate the port and surrounding areas. And even before the Games were announced, there were plans for what would eventually become the Barra Olympic Park, to transform in an Olympic Training Centre after the end of the Games.

Meanwhile, the candidature file did not neglect the social benefits associated with organising the Olympic Games and these too figured prominently in what was a solid candidature file.

Once the Games were awarded, throughout the seven years of their preparation, and even during the Games themselves, legacy planning continued. This was all the more remarkable given the unprecedented challenges facing the country during that period. Several months on, even if the flame is out, the Games promise to leave a shining legacy.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: 2016

  WHAT:The Olympic games  RIO 2016 deliverd many inspiring athletic achivements.

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:RIO

  WHY:Audience through record-breaking media coverage and unprecedented levels of digital engagement. 

  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:

（１）legacy：遺產

（２）extinguished：熄滅

（３）candidature：候選人

（４）prominently：顯著

（５）Copenhagen：哥本哈根

（６）foremost：最重要

（７） crucially：關鍵

（８）foresaw：預測

（９）catalyst：催化劑

（１０）renovate：翻新

美古關係

Timeline: US-Cuba relations

網址:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-12159943

Relations between the US and Cuba have long been intertwined. Since 1960, the US has maintained an economic embargo against Cuba. Here are key moments in ties between the two nations:

1898: US declares war on Spain.

1898: US defeats Spain, which gives up all claims to Cuba and cedes it to the US.

1902: Cuba becomes independent with Tomas Estrada Palma as its president. But the Platt Amendment keeps the island under US protection and gives the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

1906-09: Estrada resigns and the US occupies Cuba following a rebellion led by Jose Miguel Gomez.

1909: Jose Miguel Gomez becomes president following elections supervised by the US, but is soon tarred by corruption.

1912: US forces return to Cuba to help put down black protests against discrimination.

1933: Gerardo Machado is overthrown in a coup led by Sergeant Fulgencio Batista.

1934: The US abandons its right to intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, revises Cuba's sugar quota and changes tariffs to favour Cuba.

1953: Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful revolt against the Batista regime.

1956: Castro lands in eastern Cuba from Mexico and takes to the Sierra Maestra mountains where, aided by Ernesto "Che" Guevara, he wages a guerrilla war.

1958: The US withdraws military aid to Batista.

1959: Castro leads a 9,000-strong guerrilla army into Havana, forcing Batista to flee. Castro becomes prime minister.

April 1959: Castro meets US Vice President Richard Nixon on an unofficial visit to Washington. Nixon afterwards wrote that the US had no choice but to try to "orient" the leftist leader in the "right direction".

1960: All US businesses in Cuba are nationalised without compensation; US breaks off diplomatic relations with Havana and imposes a trade embargo in response to Castro's reforms.

1961: US backs an abortive invasion by Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs; Castro proclaims Cuba a communist state and begins to ally it with the USSR.

1961: The CIA begins to make plans to assassinate Castro as part of Operation Mongoose. At least five plans to kill the Cuban leader were drawn up between 1961 and 1963.

1962: Cuban missile crisis ignites when, fearing a US invasion, Castro agrees to allow the USSR to deploy nuclear missiles on the island. The US released photos of Soviet nuclear missile silos in Cuba - triggering a crisis which took the two superpowers to the brink of nuclear war.

It was subsequently resolved when the USSR agreed to remove the missiles in return for the withdrawal of US nuclear missiles from Turkey.

1980: Around 125,000 Cubans, many of them released convicts, flee to the US, when Castro temporarily lifted restrictions.

1993: The US tightens its embargo on Cuba, which introduces some market reforms in order to stem the deterioration of its economy. These include the legalisation of the US dollar, the transformation of many state farms into semi-autonomous co-operatives, and the legalisation of limited individual private enterprise.

1994: Cuba signs an agreement with the US according to which the US agrees to admit 20,000 Cubans a year in return for Cuba halting the exodus of refugees.

1996: US trade embargo made permanent in response to Cuba's shooting down of two US aircraft operated by Miami-based Cuban exiles.

1998: The US eases restrictions on the sending of money to relatives by Cuban Americans.

Nov 1999: Cuban child Elian Gonzalez is picked up off the Florida coast after the boat in which his mother, stepfather and others had tried to escape to the US capsized. A huge campaign by Miami-based Cuban exiles begins with the aim of preventing Elian from rejoining his father in Cuba and of making him stay with relatives in Miami.

June 2000: Elian allowed to rejoin his father in Cuba after prolonged court battles.

June 2001: Five Cubans convicted in Miami and given long sentences for spying for the Cuban government. The case of the Cuban Five becomes rallying cry for the Havana government.

Nov 2001: US exports food to Cuba for the first time in more than 40 years after a request from the Cuban government to help it cope with the aftermath of Hurricane Michelle.

Jan 2002: Prisoners taken during US-led action in Afghanistan are flown into Guantanamo Bay for interrogation as al-Qaeda suspects.

May 2002: US Under Secretary of State John Bolton accuses Cuba of trying to develop biological weapons, adding the country to Washington's list of "axis of evil" countries.

May 2002: Former US President Jimmy Carter makes landmark goodwill visit which includes tour of scientific centres, in response to US allegations about biological weapons. Carter is first former or serving US president to visit Cuba since 1959 revolution.

Oct 2003: US President George Bush announces fresh measures designed to hasten the end of communist rule in Cuba, including tightening a travel embargo to the island, cracking down on illegal cash transfers, and a more robust information campaign aimed at Cuba. A new body, the Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba, is created.

Feb 2006: A propaganda war breaks out in Havana as President Castro unveils a monument which blocks the view of illuminated messages - some of them about human rights - displayed on the US mission building.

Aug 2006: US President George W Bush - in his first comments after President Castro undergoes surgery and hands over power to his brother Raul - urges Cubans to work for democratic change.

Dec 2006: The largest delegation from the US Congress to visit Cuba since the 1959 revolution goes to Havana. Jeff Flake, a Republican congressman heading the 10-member bipartisan delegation, said he wanted to launch a "new era in US-Cuba relations", but the group is denied a meeting with Raul Castro.

July 2007: Acting leader Raul Castro again indicates he may be open to a warming of relations with the US. He offers to engage in talks, but only after the 2008 US presidential election.

Feb 2008: Raul Castro officially takes over as president. Washington calls for free and fair elections, and says its trade embargo will remain.

4 Nov 2008: Barack Obama is elected US president.

Dec 2008: New poll suggests a majority of Cuban-Americans living in Miami want an end to the US embargo against Cuba.

April 2009: President Obama lifts restrictions on family travel and remittances to Cuba.

Dec 2009: US citizen Alan Gross detained in Cuba accused of spying for Washington.

Nov 2010: American Ballet Theater visits Cuba for first time in 50 years, the latest in number of cultural exchanges.

Oct 2011: Convicted Cuban agent Rene Gonzalez is freed as scheduled from a Florida jail. Gonzalez is part of a group known as the Cuban Five, who were given long terms in 2001 in the US after being convicted of spying. Havana has repeatedly called for the men to be freed.

Dec 2011: The US again calls for the release of Alan Gross, an American who is serving 15 years in a Cuban jail for taking internet equipment into the country. Cuba's refusal to free him has frozen relations for months.

Sep 2012: Cuba suggests it is ready to negotiate with Washington on finding a solution to the Gross case.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO:  not given

  WHAT:Relations between the US and Cuba.

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:US and Cuba

  WHY:Since 1960, the US has maintained an economic embargo against Cuba. 

  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:

（１）intertwined：纏繞

（２）embargo：阻止

（３）cedes  ：放棄

（４）intervene：干預

（５）rebellion：叛亂

（６）supervised：監督

（７）corruption：腐敗

（８）overthrown：推翻

（９）coup：政變

（１０）quota ：配額

翁山蘇姬

Aung San Suu Kyi Biography

網址:http://www.biography.com/people/aung-san-suu-kyi-9192617#synopsis

Aung San Suu Kyi is state counsellor of Myanmar and winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize for Peace.

Synopsis

Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Yangon, Myanmar, in 1945. After years of living and studying abroad, she returned home only to find widespread slaughter of protesters rallying against the brutal rule of dictator U Ne Win. She spoke out against him and initiated a nonviolent movement toward achieving democracy and human rights. However, in 1989, the government placed Suu Kyi under house arrest, and she spent 15 of the next 21 years in custody. In 1991, her ongoing efforts won her the Nobel Prize for Peace, and she was finally released from house arrest in November 2010 and subsequently held a seat in parliament for the National League for Democracy party until 2015. That November, the NLD won a landslide victory, giving them a majority control of parliament and allowing them to select the country's next president. It March 2016 Suu Kyi's adviser Htin Kyaw was selected for the post, and the following month Suu Kyi was named the state counsellor, a position above the presidency that allows her to direct the country's affairs.

Early Years Aung San Suu Kyi was born on June 19, 1945 in Yangon, Myanmar, a country traditionally known as Burma. Her father, formerly the de facto prime minister of British Burma, was assassinated in 1947. Her mother, Khin Kyi, was appointed ambassador to India in 1960. After attending high school in India, Suu Kyi studied philosophy, politics and economics at the University of Oxford, where she received a B.A. in 1967. During that time she met Michael Aris, a scholar in Bhutanese studies, whom she married in 1972. They had two children—Alexander and Kim—and the family spent the 1970s and '80s in England, the United States and India.

However, in 1988, Suu Kyi returned to Burma to care for her dying mother, and her life took a dramatic turn.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO:  Aung San Suu Kyi

  WHAT:She is state counsellor of Myanmar and winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize for Peace.

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:not given

  WHY:not given

  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:

（１）counsellor：顧問

（２）Synopsis：概要

（３）slaughter  ：屠宰

（４）rallying：集會

（５） initiated：啟動

（６）custody：拘留

（７）ongoing ：正在進行

（８）subsequently：後來

（９）parliament：議會

（１０）philosophy ：哲學

英國脫歐

For Renewable Energy, Brexit Spurs Mixed Prospects

網址:http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/business/energy-environment/for-renewable-energy-brexit-spurs-mixed-prospects.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FCameron%2C%20David&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=0

When Mark Meyrick sat down with a developer to review plans for two solar farms the company he works for is building in Wales and southwestern England, one number jumped out at him. With the value of the pound sliding since Britons voted to leave the European Union, the cost of the imported solar panels Good Energy must buy has risen.

That extra expense is likely to hit the plants’ profitability, so the company is hurrying its purchases out of fear that Britain’s currency may grow weaker still. “If we just sit here and wait, and the pound falls another seven or 10 cents, which I think it easily could do, that project probably wouldn’t be viable,” said Mr. Meyrick, Good Energy’s trading director.

Like firms in other sectors of the British economy, renewable energy companies are waiting nervously to see how the country’s departure from the European Union, known as Brexit, will affect them. In their case, the answer will be key to determining whether Britain meets its commitments to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases.

The June Brexit referendum and the domestic political turmoil it set off came at a difficult time for the sector, struggling to find its footing after former Prime Minister David Cameron cut many subsidies that had helped new technologies become commercially viable. It is a moment, too, when the country’s power system needs fresh investment to replace aging nuclear and coal plants scheduled for retirement.

“The problem with Brexit is that because it creates another 2½-years-plus of uncertainty, the danger is that it just damages investor confidence further,” said Richard Black, director of the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, an advocacy group. “One of the consequences could be that things simply don’t get built that we need to get built, or that they’re more expensive.”

Theresa May, Mr. Cameron’s successor, worried environmentalists by eliminating the Department of Energy and Climate Change on her first full day in office .

Those concerns eased somewhat a few weeks later, when Parliament approved a new carbon reduction plan. And in September, Mrs. May said Britain would ratify the Paris climate deal by the end of the year and continue to “play our part in the international effort against climate change.”

Many clean-power advocates now say folding climate issues into the more powerful Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy may prove a wise move, allowing for better coordination of policy.

But while the business department includes strong advocates of climate action, they are “going to have to shout very loud around the cabinet table to be heard,” said Robin Teverson, chairman of the House of Lords’ E.U. Energy and Environment Subcommittee, which is preparing a report on Brexit and the environment.

With complex Brexit negotiations likely to consume a great deal of Mrs. May’s time and political capital for years to come, “I don’t see the climate side and renewable energy being particularly high on the government’s agenda,” said Mr. Teverson, of the opposition Liberal Democrats.

Many of Britain’s environmental rules are underpinned by European targets and accords, and are enforceable by European Union judges, so their fate in post-Brexit Britain remains unclear. Antiregulatory sentiment and a desire for freedom from Brussels’s authority were key themes of the Leave campaign.

Mr. Meyrick said it was “encouraging, or not discouraging,” that Mrs. May did not seem to plan on backing away from climate and clean energy commitments.

But, said Antony Froggatt, senior energy and environment researcher at the Chatham House think tank, “being a part of the E.U., it double-locked policy” in those areas, with Britain committed to carbon-cutting targets via its European promises and its own domestic laws. “No longer being part of the E.U. level doesn’t mean we will change U.K. policy, but future administrations may find it easier to do so.”

Even the rough outlines of Britain’s future relationship with the European Union are likely to remain unclear for some time. Mrs. May has said Britain would officially notify Brussels by the end of March 2017 of its intention to depart, setting the clock on two years of negotiations.

Some in the industry say Brexit may bring benefits for clean energy. A weak pound makes electricity more expensive, because it pushes up the cost of the imported natural gas often used to generate it. That allows companies selling solar and wind power to charge higher prices too, increasing revenue.

Low interest rates make it cheaper for those companies to borrow, and the higher inflation Brexit may cause will raise income from an inflation-linked system that sets the price of some renewable power purchases, said Michael Bonte-Friedheim, chief executive of NextEnergy Capital, which manages the NextEnergy Solar Fund.

“All of that put together makes the solar and renewable energy sector more attractive for public-market investors,” he said.

For manufacturers building renewable power equipment in Britain, the weak pound makes their products less costly when sold abroad. Potentially offsetting that benefit, though, is the possibility that European tariffs on British imports may replace the free trade that came with E.U. membership, depending on the exit terms Mrs. May strikes.

“We’re in a position where the market is still completely unclear as to what happens, not only as to the ramifications, but also to the timings,” said Nick Boyle, chief executive of Lightsource Renewable Energy, a solar power company.

Germany’s Siemens, which began producing blades for offshore wind turbines at a new plant in Hull, in northeastern England, in September, warned before the referendum that leaving the European Union “could make the U.K. a less attractive place to do business and may become a factor when Siemens is considering future investment here.”

The company’s chief executive, Joe Kaeser, later backed away from that, saying Brexit “will not diminish our commitment to your country.”

For now, the factory, which employs about 500 and had been intended before the Brexit vote to eventually provide 1,000 jobs, is busy fulfilling orders for British wind farms. The company hopes to export parts to Europe too, but any change in trade terms could affect those plans.

There is little clarity, as well, on a number of bureaucratic and technical questions that are important to the industry.

Among them are the rules governing installation and operation of planned undersea power connections that would expand transmission of electricity between Britain and the Continent. Mr. Froggatt said building new interconnections still made sense, both financially and because they make renewable power systems more reliable by allowing consumers to get electricity from afar when the sun went in or the wind slowed close to home.

“I would assume these projects will go ahead,” but delays are possible, he said.

Another worry is funding from the European Investment Bank, an important lender to renewable energy infrastructure projects. While the bank is able to lend to projects in non-European Union nations, Britain could lose its influence there as an outsider.

And with ripples of discontent with Brussels spreading beyond Britain, the bloc may be distracted from its own efforts to increase renewables and combat climate change.

“If European institutions and pro-European governments see that they’re fighting for the survival of what Europe means, then it gets much more difficult to do things like energy on a detailed basis,” said Mr. Black.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO:  Mark Meyrick

  WHAT:He sat down with a developer to review plans for two solar farms

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:not given

  WHY:Because Britons voted to leave the European Union

  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:

（１）viable：可行

（２）sectors：部門

（３）emissions  ：排放

（４）referendum：全民投票

（５）domestic：國內

（６）turmoil：動盪

（７）subsidies ：補貼

（８）jihadist：倡導

（９）eliminating ：消除

（１０）Parliament ：國會

白頭盔

White Helmets backlash after Mannequin Challenge video

網址:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38066791

It is an achingly familiar scene. An injured man lies in the rubble as two members of the Syria Civil Defence group - known as the White Helmets - come to his aid, another apparent victim of Syria's bloody civil war.

But all is not as it seems.

The man and the White Helmets appear frozen. The whole scene is in fact posed.

The men are performing their version of the Mannequin Challenge in a video released by activists from the Revolutionary Forces of Syria (RFS) "to raise awareness of the suffering of the Syrian people".

Nominated for this year's Nobel Peace Prize, the White Helmets comprise roughly 3,000 volunteer rescue workers in rebel-held areas.

Since 2013, they have searched for survivors in the aftermath of the deadly air strikes raining down on Syria's towns and cities, saving thousands of lives.

They say they are non-partisan and a regular source of video and eyewitness accounts from the thick of the fighting.

But critics, often pro-Assad or pro-Russia accounts on social media, allege links to jihadist groups and have long claimed that the organisation fabricates reports and rescues.

This latest video has seen those critical voices grow louder, while the stunt has left others bemused.

In a statement to the BBC, the White Helmets acknowledged the involvement of two of their volunteers but said the video had not been sanctioned by the group's leadership team.

"The video and the related posts were recorded by RFS media with Syria Civil Defence (White Helmets) volunteers, who hoped to create a connection between the horror of Syria and the outside world, using the viral Mannequin Challenge," the statement read.

"This was an error of judgement, and we apologise on behalf of the volunteers involved.

"The video was not shared on our official channels, and we took immediate action to discipline those involved and prevent incidents such as this from happening again.

"Our volunteers are committed to saving lives by responding to, and reporting, war crimes in Syria.

"This leaves us open to attacks, not just from the bombs but from those who seek to silence us for telling the truth."

A spokesman for the RFS told the BBC that the activist group occasionally used this kind of campaign to help shine a spotlight on the suffering of millions of ordinary Syrians.

He pointed out that in the past it had attempted to raise awareness of the conflict by leveraging the popularity of computer game Pokemon Go and comic-book heroes The Avengers.

By Chris Bell, UGC and Social News team

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: Syria Civil Defence group-White Helmets

  WHAT:to safed an injured man

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:not given

  WHY:not given

  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:

（１）achingly：痛苦地

（２）rubble：瓦礫

（３）Mannequin Challenge ：人體模特挑戰

（４）comprise：包括

（５）rebel-held：反叛者控制

（６）aftermath：後果

（７）allege：指控

（８）jihadist：聖戰者

（９）fabricates：製造

（１０）stunt：特技

火箭回收

Elon Musk Asks for Help Solving SpaceX Rocket Explosion

網址:http://www.space.com/34029-elon-musk-seeks-help-solving-rocket-explosion.html

By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer | September 9, 2016 02:58pm ET

Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk, CEO and founder of the private spaceflight company SpaceX, is asking for help from NASA and the public in figuring out what happened when one of the company's Falcon 9 rockets exploded on Sept. 1.

"If you have audio, photos or videos of our anomaly last week, please send to report@spacex.com. Material may be useful for investigation," Musk tweeted today at 11:44 a.m. EDT (1544 GMT).

The explosion took place two days before the scheduled launch of the rocket, during a routine prelaunch operation at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 41 in Florida. Based on tweets from Musk in the last 10 hours, the cause of the explosion appears to be completely mystifying the company's staff. [SpaceX Rocket Explosion Aftermath Captured on KSC Launch Pad Video]

Musk also tweeted directly at NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Air Force Personnel Accountability and Assessment System (because Cape Canaveral is an Air Force Station), asking for assistance.

"Support & advice from @NASA, @FAA, @AFPAA & others much appreciated. Please email any recordings of the event to report@spacex.com," he wrote.

Musk tweeted about the loss of the Falcon 9 hours after the incident, noting that the explosion appeared to originate "around upper-stage oxygen tank" but the cause was "still unknown." SpaceX provided more updates about the incident on Sept. 2.

Then, Musk's account went quiet until about 12:30 a.m. EDT this morning (0030 GMT), when he began tweeting actively about the explosion.

"Still working on the Falcon fireball investigation. Turning out to be the most difficult and complex failure we have ever had in 14 years," Musk wrote. "Important to note that this happened during a routine filling operation. Engines were not on, and there was no apparent heat source.

"Particularly trying to understand the quieter bang sound a few seconds before the fireball goes off. May come from rocket or something else," he said.

Musk also answered questions and responded to comments from the public.

When Twitter user @ashwin7002 tweeted at Musk that "there are some videos on YouTube claiming something hit the rocket. Any reality there?" Musk replied, "We have not ruled that out."

Twitter user Matt Stohrer wrote, "that sound at 0:54 sounds like a metal joint popping under stress. e.g. weld failing on strut, welded seam bursting, etc." Musk replied, "Most likely true, but we can't yet find it on any vehicle sensors."

Twitter user Eric Bowen asked if the company's Dragon spacecraft would have survived the event. Musk replied, "yes. This seems instant[aneous] from a human perspective, but it [was] really a fast fire, not an explosion. Dragon would have been fine."

The Sept. 1 explosion also destroyed the rocket's payload, the AMOS-6 communications satellite, which was co-leased by Facebook and intended to bring internet connectivity to parts of Africa.

Musk also made multiple tweets apologizing for a delay in writing a blog post about Autopilot, an autonomous crash-avoidance technology offered in electric cars made by Tesla (Musk's other company). When another commenter joked about the delay, Musk replied, "It's been a little crazy lately."

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: Elon Musk

  WHAT:A rocket exploded on Sept. 1.

  WHEN:Sept. 1.

  WHERE:not given

  WHY:They want to find out why the rocket exploded.

  HOW:They are asking for help from NASA and the public.

KEY WORDS:

（１）entrepreneur：企業家

（２）anomaly：異常

（３）prelaunch ：預啟動

（４）mystifying：神秘

（５）Accountability：責任

（６）Assessment：評定

（７）incident ：事件

（８） strut：支撐

（９）welded：焊接

（１０）sensors：傳感器

巴黎氣候高峰會

COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris

網址:http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35084374

A deal to attempt to limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C has been agreed at the climate change summit in Paris after two weeks of intense negotiations.

The pact is the first to commit all countries to cut carbon emissions.

The agreement is partly legally binding and partly voluntary.

Earlier, key blocs, including the G77 group of developing countries, and nations such as China and India said they supported the proposals.

President of the UN climate conference of parties (COP) and French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said: "I now invite the COP to adopt the decision entitled Paris Agreement outlined in the document.

"Looking out to the room I see that the reaction is positive, I see no objections. The Paris agreement is adopted."

COP21: In summary

As he struck the gavel to signal the adoption of the deal, delegates rose to their feet cheering and applauding.

US President Barack Obama has hailed the agreement as "ambitious" and "historic", but also warned against complacency.

"Together, we've shown what's possible when the world stands as one," he said.

And although admitting that the deal was not "perfect", he said it was "the best chance to save the one planet we have".

China's chief negotiator Xie Zhenhua said the deal was not perfect. But he added that "this does not prevent us from marching historical steps forward".

Nearly 200 countries took part in the negotiations to strike the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions, which would come into being in 2020.

The chairman of the group representing some of the world's poorest countries called the deal historic, adding: "We are living in unprecedented times, which call for unprecedented measures.

"It is the best outcome we could have hoped for, not just for the Least Developed Countries, but for all citizens of the world."

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: all countries

  WHAT: to agree a ideal about  limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C.

  WHEN:after two weeks of intense negotiations

  WHERE:Paris

  WHY:not given

  HOW:hold the climate change summit

KEY WORDS:

（１）summit：高峰

（２）emissions：排放

（３）binding：連接的

（４）voluntary.：自主性

（５）entitled：給...權利

（６）gavel：木槌

（７）delegates：代表

（８） hailed：歡呼

（９）complacency：自滿

（１０）unprecedented：前所未有