火箭回收

Elon Musk Asks for Help Solving SpaceX Rocket Explosion

網址:http://www.space.com/34029-elon-musk-seeks-help-solving-rocket-explosion.html

By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer | September 9, 2016 02:58pm ET

Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk, CEO and founder of the private spaceflight company SpaceX, is asking for help from NASA and the public in figuring out what happened when one of the company's Falcon 9 rockets exploded on Sept. 1.

"If you have audio, photos or videos of our anomaly last week, please send to report@spacex.com. Material may be useful for investigation," Musk tweeted today at 11:44 a.m. EDT (1544 GMT).

The explosion took place two days before the scheduled launch of the rocket, during a routine prelaunch operation at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 41 in Florida. Based on tweets from Musk in the last 10 hours, the cause of the explosion appears to be completely mystifying the company's staff. [SpaceX Rocket Explosion Aftermath Captured on KSC Launch Pad Video]

Musk also tweeted directly at NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Air Force Personnel Accountability and Assessment System (because Cape Canaveral is an Air Force Station), asking for assistance.

"Support & advice from @NASA, @FAA, @AFPAA & others much appreciated. Please email any recordings of the event to report@spacex.com," he wrote.

Musk tweeted about the loss of the Falcon 9 hours after the incident, noting that the explosion appeared to originate "around upper-stage oxygen tank" but the cause was "still unknown." SpaceX provided more updates about the incident on Sept. 2.

Then, Musk's account went quiet until about 12:30 a.m. EDT this morning (0030 GMT), when he began tweeting actively about the explosion.

"Still working on the Falcon fireball investigation. Turning out to be the most difficult and complex failure we have ever had in 14 years," Musk wrote. "Important to note that this happened during a routine filling operation. Engines were not on, and there was no apparent heat source.

"Particularly trying to understand the quieter bang sound a few seconds before the fireball goes off. May come from rocket or something else," he said.

Musk also answered questions and responded to comments from the public.

When Twitter user @ashwin7002 tweeted at Musk that "there are some videos on YouTube claiming something hit the rocket. Any reality there?" Musk replied, "We have not ruled that out."

Twitter user Matt Stohrer wrote, "that sound at 0:54 sounds like a metal joint popping under stress. e.g. weld failing on strut, welded seam bursting, etc." Musk replied, "Most likely true, but we can't yet find it on any vehicle sensors."

Twitter user Eric Bowen asked if the company's Dragon spacecraft would have survived the event. Musk replied, "yes. This seems instant[aneous] from a human perspective, but it [was] really a fast fire, not an explosion. Dragon would have been fine."

The Sept. 1 explosion also destroyed the rocket's payload, the AMOS-6 communications satellite, which was co-leased by Facebook and intended to bring internet connectivity to parts of Africa.

Musk also made multiple tweets apologizing for a delay in writing a blog post about Autopilot, an autonomous crash-avoidance technology offered in electric cars made by Tesla (Musk's other company). When another commenter joked about the delay, Musk replied, "It's been a little crazy lately."

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: Elon Musk

  WHAT:A rocket exploded on Sept. 1.

  WHEN:Sept. 1.

  WHERE:not given

  WHY:They want to find out why the rocket exploded.

  HOW:They are asking for help from NASA and the public.

KEY WORDS:

（１）entrepreneur：企業家

（２）anomaly：異常

（３）prelaunch ：預啟動

（４）mystifying：神秘

（５）Accountability：責任

（６）Assessment：評定

（７）incident ：事件

（８） strut：支撐

（９）welded：焊接

（１０）sensors：傳感器

巴黎氣候高峰會

COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris

網址:http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35084374

A deal to attempt to limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C has been agreed at the climate change summit in Paris after two weeks of intense negotiations.

The pact is the first to commit all countries to cut carbon emissions.

The agreement is partly legally binding and partly voluntary.

Earlier, key blocs, including the G77 group of developing countries, and nations such as China and India said they supported the proposals.

President of the UN climate conference of parties (COP) and French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said: "I now invite the COP to adopt the decision entitled Paris Agreement outlined in the document.

"Looking out to the room I see that the reaction is positive, I see no objections. The Paris agreement is adopted."

COP21: In summary

As he struck the gavel to signal the adoption of the deal, delegates rose to their feet cheering and applauding.

US President Barack Obama has hailed the agreement as "ambitious" and "historic", but also warned against complacency.

"Together, we've shown what's possible when the world stands as one," he said.

And although admitting that the deal was not "perfect", he said it was "the best chance to save the one planet we have".

China's chief negotiator Xie Zhenhua said the deal was not perfect. But he added that "this does not prevent us from marching historical steps forward".

Nearly 200 countries took part in the negotiations to strike the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions, which would come into being in 2020.

The chairman of the group representing some of the world's poorest countries called the deal historic, adding: "We are living in unprecedented times, which call for unprecedented measures.

"It is the best outcome we could have hoped for, not just for the Least Developed Countries, but for all citizens of the world."

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: all countries

  WHAT: to agree a ideal about  limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C.

  WHEN:after two weeks of intense negotiations

  WHERE:Paris

  WHY:not given

  HOW:hold the climate change summit

KEY WORDS:

（１）summit：高峰

（２）emissions：排放

（３）binding：連接的

（４）voluntary.：自主性

（５）entitled：給...權利

（６）gavel：木槌

（７）delegates：代表

（８） hailed：歡呼

（９）complacency：自滿

（１０）unprecedented：前所未有

火星探險

Curiosity Rover Finds and Examines a Meteorite on Mars

網址:http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1950

Laser-zapping of a globular, golf-ball-size object on Mars by NASA's Curiosity rover confirms that it is an iron-nickel meteorite fallen from the Red Planet's sky.

Iron-nickel meteorites are a common class of space rocks found on Earth, and previous examples have been seen on Mars, but this one, called "Egg Rock," is the first on Mars examined with a laser-firing spectrometer. To do so, the rover team used Curiosity's Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument.

Scientists of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) project, which operates the rover, first noticed the odd-looking rock in images taken by Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) at a site the rover reached by an Oct. 27 drive.

"The dark, smooth and lustrous aspect of this target, and its sort of spherical shape attracted the attention of some MSL scientists when we received the Mastcam images at the new location," said ChemCam team member Pierre-Yves Meslin, at the Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology (IRAP), of France's National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the University of Toulouse, France.

ChemCam found iron, nickel and phosphorus, plus lesser ingredients, in concentrations still being determined through analysis of the spectrum of light produced from dozens of laser pulses at nine spots on the object. The enrichment in both nickel and phosphorus at some of the same points suggests the presence of an iron-nickel-phosphide mineral that is rare except in iron-nickel meteorites, Meslin said.

Iron meteorites typically originate as core material of asteroids that melt, allowing the molten metal fraction of the asteroid's composition to sink to the center and form a core.

"Iron meteorites provide records of many different asteroids that broke up, with fragments of their cores ending up on Earth and on Mars," said ChemCam team member Horton Newsom of the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. "Mars may have sampled a different population of asteroids than Earth has."

In addition, the study of iron meteorites found on Mars -- including examples found previously by Mars rovers -- can provide information about how long exposure to the Martian environment has affected them, in comparison with how Earth's environment affects iron meteorites. Egg Rock may have fallen to the surface of Mars many millions of years ago. Researchers will be analyzing the ChemCam data from the first few laser shots at each target point and data from subsequent shots at the same point, to compare surface versus interior chemistry.

Egg Rock was found along the rover's path up a layer of lower Mount Sharp called the Murray formation, where sedimentary rocks hold records of ancient lakebed environments on Mars. The main science goal for Curiosity's second extended mission, which began last month, is to investigate how ancient environmental conditions changed over time. The mission has already determined that this region once offered conditons favorable for microbial life, if any life ever existed on Mars.

Curiosity was launched five years ago this month, on Nov. 26, 2011, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. It landed inside Gale Crater, near the foot of Mount Sharp, in August 2012.

The rover remains in good condition for continuing its investigations, after working more than twice as long as its originally planned prime mission of about 23 months, though two of its 10 science instruments have recently shown signs of potentially reduced capability. The neutron-generating component of Curiosity's Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument, designed for working through the prime mission, is returning data showing reduced voltage. Even if DAN could no longer generate neutrons, the instrument could continue to check for water molecules in the ground by using its passive mode. The performance of the wind-sensing capability from Curiosity's Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) is also changing, though that instrument still returns other Mars-weather data daily, such as temperatures, humidity and pressure. Analysis is in progress for fuller diagnosis of unusual data from DAN, which was provided by Russia, and REMS, provided by Spain.

The U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, developed ChemCam in partnership with scientists and engineers funded by the French national space agency (CNES). Mastcam was built by Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington, and built the project's Curiosity rover. For more information about Curiosity, visit:

http://mars.nasa.gov/msl

Guy Webster
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-6278
guy.webster@jpl.nasa.gov

Dwayne Brown / Laurie Cantillo
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1726 / 202-358-1077
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov / laura.l.cantillo@nasa.gov

Structure of the Lead：

  WHO: NASA's Curiosity rover

  WHAT: NASA's Curiosity rover found that it is an  meteorite fallen from the Red Planet's sky.

  WHEN:not given

  WHERE:Mars

  WHY:not given

  HOW:the rover team used Curiosity's Chemistry and Camera instrument.

KEY WORDS:

（１）Laser-zapping：激光切換

（２）globular：球型

（３）rover：流動站

（４）meteorite：隕石

（５）laser-firing ：激光燒製

（６）spectrometer：光譜儀

（７）mast ：桅杆

（８） lustrous：光澤

（９）spherical ：球型

（１０）Institute：研究所

歐洲難民

Aylan Kurdi’s story: How a small Syrian child came to be washed up on a beach in Turkey

網址：http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/aylan-kurdi-s-story-how-a-small-syrian-child-came-to-be-washed-up-on-a-beach-in-turkey-10484588.html

Surviving family members of Aylan Kurdi have revealed how the Syrian three-year-old came to be washed up dead on a beach in Turkey on Wednesday morning.

Aylan's distraught father, Abdullah Kurdi, tried and failed to hold on to his wife and two sons after their boat to the Greek island of Kos capsized. He has reportedly now said his only wish is to return their bodies to their home town of Kobani and then “be buried alongside them”.

The family had been making the treacherous journey across Turkey to Europe in the hope of joining Abdullah’s sister, Teema Kurdi, a hairdresser who has lived in Vancouver, Canada for more than 20 years.

The Independent has taken the decision to publish the image, which some may find offensive, lower down in this article because among the often glib words about the "ongoing migrant crisis", it is all too easy to forget the reality of the desperate situation facing many refugees.

Speaking to the National Post’s Terry Glavin, Ms Kurdi said she had learned of Aylan’s death, as well as that of his brother Galip and mother Rihan, at 5am on Wednesday morning. The images of Aylan emerged in Turkish media at around midday, and have since sparked international outrage over the refugee crisis.

Glavin told BBC Radio 5 live on Thursday that Ms Kurdi had heard from family members about Abdullah’s desperate battle to save his family in the sea.

“There's a terrible story he told about swimming from one to the other, finding one son who seemed to be alright and then going to another, finding him drowned... and then going back to the first boy and finding him drowned,” he said.

“He made it, but his wife didn’t.”

Jenan Moussa, a journalist with Dubai’s Al Aan TV, said she had confirmed with sources in Kobani that the Kurdish family hailed from the recently-embattled Syrian city.

She said Abdullah was a barber originally from Damascus, who fled from Kobani to Turkey but “dreamed of a future in Canada” for his family.

“Abdullah paid €4000 (£2900) for his family to get on a 5m-long dinghy from Bodrum to Greece. He borrowed money. This was not their first attempt to get to Greece.

“When in the dinghy, the sea got rough. Turkish smuggler abandoned boat, left passengers struggling. Boat capsized after one hour.

“After it capsized, the family clung to the boat. Mr Abdullah tried to hold his two children and wife with his arm, but one by one they were washed away by waves.”

According to Turkey's state-run Anadolu news agency, police have detained four suspected human traffickers one day after the three members of the Kurdi family and nine other refugees died in the short Aegean straight between Turkey and Kos.

Officers said the men were detained on a beach on Turkey’s Bodrum peninsula and, according to Anadolu, they were suspected of acting as intermediaries for illegal crossings.

Three other children drowned in the same crossings as Aylan and his family, while seven people were rescued and two reached the shore in life jackets.

Thousands are making the same journey from Turkey to Greece’s easternmost islands each day. It is considered one of the safest routes to Europe and beyond.

Structure of the Lead：
  WHO:Aylan Kurdi
  WHAT:a small Syrian child came to be washed up on a beach in Turkey
  WHEN:Wednesday 2 September morning　
  WHERE:Turkey
  WHY:because of the Syrian Civil War
  HOW:the boat capsized

KEY WORDS:
（１）distraught：發狂的
（２）capsized：翻覆
（３）treacherous：危險的
（４）offensive：有攻擊性
（５）glib：巧舌如簧的
（６）migrant：移民的

（７）desperate：絕望
（８）outrage：暴行
（９）hailed：招呼
（１０）dinghy：小艇

巴黎恐攻

Paris attacks: What happened on the night

網址:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994

The attacks in Paris on the night of Friday 13 November by gunmen and suicide bombers hit a concert hall, a major stadium, restaurants and bars, almost simultaneously - and left 130 people dead and hundreds wounded.

The attacks were described by President Francois Hollande as an "act of war" organised by the Islamic State (IS) militant group.

Shootings and bomb blasts left 130 people dead and hundreds wounded, with more than 100 in a critical condition.

"Three co-ordinated teams" were believed to have been behind the attacks, according to Paris chief prosecutor Francois Molins.

In the days immediately after the attacks, French police carried out hundreds of raids across the country, as the search for suspects continued. Raids also took place in the Belgian city of Brussels.

This is how the attacks happened.

Structure of the Lead：
  WHO:Parisians
  WHAT:Terrorist attacked Parisians
  WHEN:Friday 13 November 2015
  WHERE:Paris
  WHY:not given
  HOW:use gun and bomb

KEY WORDS:
（１）suicide：自殺
（２）stadium：體育場
（３）simultaneously：同時地
（４）prosecutor ：檢舉人
（５）co-ordinated：合作
（６）raids：突襲
（７）suspects：懷疑

馬拉拉

標題:

Malala thanks supporters around the world

網址:http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2012/11/10/2003547352

Malala Yousufzai, the teenager being treated in Britain for gunshot wounds inflicted by the Taliban in Pakistan, yesterday thanked her global supporters, one month on from the brutal attack.

“She wants me to tell everyone how grateful she is and is amazed that men, women and children from across the world are interested in her well-being,” her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, said on behalf of the 15-year-old.

“We deeply feel the heart-touching good wishes of the people across the world of all caste, color and creed,” he said in a statement issued by the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, where Malala is being treated.

“I am awfully thankful to all the peace-loving well-wishers who strongly condemn the assassination attempt on Malala, who pray for her health and support the grand cause of peace, education, freedom of thought and freedom of expression,” he said.

The hospital yesterday published photographs of Malala sitting and reading a book, while others showed her poring over get-well cards.

Armed men in Mingora, the main town in the Swat valley, shot Malala in the head and shoulder on Oct. 9 after stopping the school bus on which she was traveling. The attack was claimed by the insurgent Taliban Movement of Pakistan.

They claimed to have targeted Malala because of her “pioneering role” in calling for girls’ education and because of her general criticism of the Taliban.

The teenager was transferred to the British hospital on Oct.15.

Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Britons yesterday called on the government to nominate Malala for the Nobel Peace Prize.

A campaign led by a Pakistani-British woman urged British Prime Minister David Cameron and other senior government officials to nominate the teen for the Nobel Peace Prize.

“Malala doesn’t just represent one young woman, she speaks out for all those who are denied an education purely on the basis of their gender,” campaign leader Shahida Choudhary said in a statement issued by global petition platform Change.org.

More than 30,000 people have signed the petition in Britain as part of a global push by women’s rights advocates to nominate her for the prize. Similar campaigns have sprung up in Canada, France and Spain.

Under the Nobel Committee’s rules, only prominent figures such as members of national assemblies and governments are able to make nominations.

Additional reporting by Reuters

Structure of the Lead：
  WHO:Malala
  WHAT:Malala's father thanked her global supporters.
  WHEN:not given
  WHERE:not given
  WHY:She shot by Taliban in Pakistan.
  HOW:not given

KEY WORDS:
（１）Taliban：塔利班(巴基斯坦恐怖組織)
（２）condemn：譴責
（３）claimed：聲稱
（４）insurgent：叛亂
（５）pioneering：創舉
（６）nominate：提名
（７）petition：請願
（８）advocates：倡導者